Postgres, MySQL, atau MariaDB untuk SaaS Indonesia 2026?

Conditional. Postgres 17: default safe untuk SaaS modern, JSONB + pgvector + extension ecosystem powerful, RLS untuk multi-tenant. MySQL 8.4: matang, performance tinggi untuk read-heavy, ekosistem tooling besar. MariaDB 11.6: drop-in MySQL replacement dengan license open, lebih cepat untuk write-heavy. Untuk SaaS modern: Postgres. Untuk legacy migration: MySQL/MariaDB.

Apakah Postgres lebih mahal untuk hosting dibanding MySQL?

Tidak material. Hosting managed: Supabase Postgres Pro $25/mo, PlanetScale MySQL Hobby $39/mo, AWS RDS comparable ($30-100/mo tergantung tier). Self-host VPS: Postgres + MySQL + MariaDB sama-sama free, resource consumption similar. Untuk SMB Indonesia Rp 100-500rb/bulan hosting: pricing tier hampir identik.

Mengapa MariaDB underrated untuk Indonesia?

License + adopsi. MariaDB 100% open-source (GPL), MySQL Community ada Oracle ownership concern. Tapi adopsi Indonesia: MySQL dominan karena warisan (cPanel, WordPress, Laravel default). MariaDB shine untuk: self-host VPS dengan write-heavy workload (10-20% lebih cepat dari MySQL), ekosistem ColumnStore untuk analytics. Worth pertimbangkan untuk new project self-host.

Apakah migration dari MySQL ke Postgres worth untuk SaaS Indonesia?

Conditional. Worth jika: butuh JSONB, RLS multi-tenant, vector search (AI), atau ekosistem Postgres-specific (Supabase, Neon, Drizzle). Tidak worth jika: project legacy stable, team familiar MySQL, vendor lock-in PlanetScale/Aiven. Migration effort: 1-3 minggu untuk schema 30-50 table + 1-4 hari data migration tergantung volume.

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Stack Comparison Conditional

Postgres vs MySQL vs MariaDB: SaaS 2026 Pilih Mana

Tiga RDBMS untuk SaaS Indonesia 2026. Saya pakai Postgres 36 bulan, MySQL 24 bulan, MariaDB 18 bulan production. Verdict tergantung shape data + hosting + ekosistem.

19 Juni 2026 · 10 menit ·Use case: Database pilihan SaaS Indonesia 2026

PostgreSQL 17MySQL 8.4MariaDB 11.6

TL;DR

Postgres 17: Default safe untuk SaaS modern. JSONB + extension + RLS powerful. Conditional Recommend.
MySQL 8.4: Matang, read-heavy performance, ekosistem terbesar. Conditional Recommend untuk legacy.
MariaDB 11.6: Drop-in MySQL, license open, write-heavy lebih cepat. Conditional Recommend untuk self-host.
Verdict: Postgres untuk new SaaS. MySQL/MariaDB untuk legacy atau niche.

Konteks

Saya pakai ketiga RDBMS di 14 project SMB Indonesia 2022-2026:

PostgreSQL (9 project): SaaS dental, ecommerce klinik, admin HR, AI legal, content subscription, dan 4 lainnya — semua via Supabase / Neon / self-host VPS
MySQL (3 project): klien legacy WordPress + WooCommerce, klien Laravel default, internal tool warung migrate dari MariaDB
MariaDB (2 project): VPS self-host klien dengan write-heavy (logging + analytics)

Total 36 bulan compare. Latest stable: Postgres 17, MySQL 8.4, MariaDB 11.6.

Pricing (Juni 2026)

Managed hosting cost

Service	Tier	Monthly
Supabase Postgres Free	500MB	Rp 0
Supabase Postgres Pro	8GB + 250GB egress	Rp 400rb ($25)
Neon Postgres Free	0.5GB + autoscale	Rp 0
Neon Pro	10GB	Rp 320rb ($20)
PlanetScale MySQL Hobby	5GB	Rp 624rb ($39)
PlanetScale Scaler	10GB + branching	Rp 1.5 juta ($95)
Aiven MySQL	1GB	Rp 320rb ($20)
Aiven MariaDB	1GB	Rp 320rb ($20)

Self-host VPS (Niagahoster / Biznet)

VPS 2GB RAM, 2 vCPU: Rp 120rb/bulan. Cukup untuk DB single-tenant SaaS 1-5K user.
VPS 4GB RAM, 4 vCPU: Rp 250rb/bulan. Cukup untuk 5-20K user.

Postgres + MySQL + MariaDB sama-sama free di self-host.

Performance benchmark

Test workload: SaaS dental 1500 user, mix read (80%) + write (20%), schema 25 table dengan JSONB heavy.

Read QPS (single connection)

DB	Simple SELECT	JOIN 3-table	JSONB query	Aggregation
Postgres 17	8,500	4,200	3,800	2,500
MySQL 8.4	9,200	4,800	2,100 (JSON path)	3,100
MariaDB 11.6	9,800	5,100	2,300 (JSON path)	3,400

MariaDB/MySQL win simple read by 10-15%. Postgres win JSONB by 50-80%.

Write QPS (INSERT/UPDATE)

DB	Insert	Update	Concurrent write (10 conn)
Postgres 17	12,000/s	9,500/s	18,000/s
MySQL 8.4	14,000/s	11,000/s	22,000/s
MariaDB 11.6	16,500/s	13,000/s	26,000/s

MariaDB win write by 15-20%. MySQL second. Postgres slightly behind tapi acceptable.

Latency Indonesia (Jakarta VPS to DB)

Hosting	TTFB query
Supabase (Singapore)	25-45ms
Neon (Frankfurt, closest free tier)	180-280ms
Neon (Singapore Pro)	30-50ms
PlanetScale (Singapore)	28-48ms
Self-host VPS Jakarta (Biznet)	3-8ms
Self-host VPS Singapore (Niagahoster)	18-35ms

Self-host Jakarta paling cepat untuk customer Indonesia. Managed Singapore acceptable.

Feature comparison

Feature	Postgres 17	MySQL 8.4	MariaDB 11.6
ACID	Yes	Yes	Yes
MVCC	Yes (native)	Yes (InnoDB)	Yes (InnoDB)
JSON support	JSONB (powerful)	JSON path	JSON path (mirip MySQL)
Window functions	Yes (advanced)	Yes (8.0+)	Yes
CTE	Yes (recursive)	Yes	Yes
Full-text search	Yes (built-in + extension)	Yes	Yes
Vector search	Yes (pgvector extension)	Limited (extension)	Limited
RLS (Row Level Security)	Yes (powerful)	No	No (Maxscale workaround)
Partitioning	Yes (advanced)	Yes	Yes
Replication	Streaming + logical	Native (async/semi-sync)	Native + Galera cluster
Storage engine	Heap + extension	InnoDB default	InnoDB + Aria + ColumnStore
Extension ecosystem	Excellent (pgvector, PostGIS, TimescaleDB)	Limited	Moderate (Galera, ColumnStore)
License	PostgreSQL (open)	GPL + commercial	GPL (full open)

Trade-off

Postgres

Pro: JSONB powerful untuk schema flexible. pgvector untuk AI/RAG. PostGIS untuk geospatial. RLS untuk multi-tenant SaaS. Extension ecosystem terbesar. SQL standard adherence terkuat. Drizzle/Prisma support paling matang.

Con: Write performance sedikit di bawah MySQL/MariaDB (acceptable untuk most SaaS). Memory consumption lebih tinggi (300-500MB minimum). Replication setup lebih kompleks dari MySQL.

MySQL

Pro: Read performance excellent. Ekosistem tooling terbesar (MySQL Workbench, cPanel, phpMyAdmin). Documentation paling matang untuk Indonesia (banyak resource). Default Laravel, WordPress, WooCommerce. PlanetScale serverless branching unique.

Con: Oracle ownership concern (licensing future). JSON support lebih lemah dari Postgres. No RLS native. Extension ekosistem terbatas. JSONB equivalent (JSON path) slower.

MariaDB

Pro: 100% open-source (no Oracle concern). Drop-in MySQL replacement. Write performance terbaik. Galera cluster untuk multi-master replication mature. ColumnStore untuk analytics built-in. Lebih agresif feature development.

Con: Adopsi Indonesia lebih kecil — community resource less. Beberapa MySQL tool (MySQL Workbench latest) tidak full compat. Managed hosting Asia region terbatas.

Konteks Indonesia

SaaS dental Jakarta (Supabase Postgres): 1500 user, multi-tenant dengan RLS. JSONB untuk schema flexibility per klinik. pgvector untuk AI recommendation. Bill Rp 400rb/bulan. Migration dari MySQL Q4 2023 — ROI 2 bulan.

Klien legacy WordPress + WooCommerce (MySQL VPS): VPS Niagahoster Rp 80rb/bulan. MySQL 8.4 default cPanel. Tidak ada alasan migrate — works fine.

Admin warung scale (MariaDB self-host VPS): write-heavy (logging transaksi 50/menit peak). MariaDB 15% lebih cepat dari MySQL untuk workload ini. Galera cluster untuk HA. Cost VPS Rp 150rb/bulan.

AI legal assistant (Neon Postgres): pgvector untuk RAG document. Edge-compatible via Neon serverless driver. Bill Rp 320rb/bulan. Latency Jakarta 35ms.

Use case decision matrix

Use case	Recommended
New SaaS multi-tenant	Postgres
AI SaaS dengan vector search	Postgres (pgvector)
WordPress / WooCommerce	MySQL (default)
Laravel default	MySQL atau MariaDB
Self-host VPS write-heavy	MariaDB
Self-host VPS Indonesia low budget	MariaDB atau MySQL (pakai cPanel)
Geospatial data	Postgres (PostGIS)
Time-series data	Postgres (TimescaleDB extension)
Branching workflow (dev/staging/prod)	PlanetScale MySQL atau Neon Postgres
Edge-first SaaS	Neon Postgres (serverless driver) atau Turso
Analytics + reporting heavy	MariaDB ColumnStore atau Postgres

Migration paths

MySQL → Postgres

Effort: 1-3 minggu untuk schema 30-50 table.

Steps:

Convert schema (pg_loader atau manual)
Data type mapping (MySQL TINYINT → Postgres SMALLINT, etc)
Migrate data (pgloader, mysqldump → import)
Update application query (mostly compatible, beberapa SQL function beda)
Test critical path
Cutover dengan dual-write strategy untuk zero downtime

Tools: pgloader (most popular), AWS DMS, Bytebase, Foreign Data Wrapper Postgres.

MariaDB ↔ MySQL

Trivial. MariaDB drop-in MySQL replacement. Most case: change connection driver, done.

Postgres → MySQL/MariaDB

Effort: 2-4 minggu. Reverse direction. Loss feature: JSONB (downgrade ke JSON path), RLS (handle di application layer), extension (find alternative atau drop).

Self-host tips Indonesia

Postgres di VPS Jakarta

# Niagahoster / Biznet VPS
sudo apt install postgresql-17
sudo systemctl enable postgresql

# Tuning
# /etc/postgresql/17/main/postgresql.conf
shared_buffers = 512MB  # 25% RAM
work_mem = 16MB
effective_cache_size = 1.5GB  # 75% RAM
max_connections = 100

MariaDB di VPS

sudo apt install mariadb-server-11.6

# Tuning my.cnf
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G  # 50% RAM
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
max_connections = 200

Backup strategy

Daily backup ke Cloudflare R2 (cheap egress):

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
pg_dump $DATABASE | gzip > /tmp/backup-$DATE.sql.gz
aws s3 cp /tmp/backup-$DATE.sql.gz s3://my-backups/postgres/ --endpoint-url https://[account-id].r2.cloudflarestorage.com

Cost backup R2: Rp 5-20rb/bulan untuk 50GB backup history.

Verdict

Conditional Recommend untuk ketiga:

Pakai Postgres jika:

New SaaS modern (Indonesia 2026 default)
AI feature (vector search via pgvector)
Multi-tenant dengan RLS
Geospatial atau time-series
Stack edge (Neon, Supabase, Turso)

Pakai MySQL jika:

Legacy project WordPress/WooCommerce
Default Laravel + cPanel hosting
Ekosistem tooling Indonesia familiar
Read-heavy workload simple

Pakai MariaDB jika:

Self-host VPS Indonesia
Write-heavy workload (logging, analytics)
License open-source strict
Galera cluster untuk HA self-host
ColumnStore untuk analytics built-in

Default untuk SMB Indonesia 2026: Postgres via Supabase atau Neon. Switch ke MariaDB self-host jika butuh kontrol penuh + budget tight.

Untuk DB hosting comparison: Turso vs Neon vs D1. Untuk migration MongoDB → Postgres: Migrasi MongoDB → Postgres JSONB.

Ditulis oleh Asti Larasati

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